Turtle and Tortoise Care Guide

These ancient creatures have specific needs that vary by species.

Aquatic vs Semi-Aquatic vs Land

Aquatic Turtles (e.g., Red-Eared Sliders)

• Need tank with swim area
• Basking platform required
• Water heater (75-80°F)
• UVB lighting essential
• Diet: Commercial pellets + leafy greens + occasional protein

Semi-Aquatic (e.g., Box Turtles)

• Enclosure with land and water areas
• High humidity needs
• Variety in diet
• Foraging behavior important

Tortoises (Land Only)

• Large outdoor enclosures ideal
• Grass and weeds to graze
• Calcium supplementation critical
• UVB lighting mandatory
• No protein (herbivores)

Common Requirements

Habitat Size

Bigger is always better. Rule of thumb:

• 10 gallons per inch of shell minimum
• Many need much more

Temperature

• Basking area: 90-100°F for most
• Ambient: 75-85°F
• Night drops may be needed
• Always use thermostats

UVB Lighting

• Essential for shell and bone health
• Must be replaced every 6-12 months
• Natural sunlight is best when possible

Water Quality

• Filtration for aquatic species
• Frequent water changes
• Test water parameters

Diet By Type

Aquatic Turtles

• Commercial turtle pellets (daily young, every other day adults)
• Leafy greens (dandelion, collard, kale)
• Occasional protein (feeder fish, earthworms)

Tortoises

• Grass and hay (80% of diet)
• Leafy greens (avoid spinach, lettuce)
• Occasional fruit (10% or less)
• Calcium supplement

Box Turtles

• Omnivores (50/50 plant and protein)
• Berries, fruit, vegetables
• Insects, earthworms, snails